interacting with victims/witnesses. See moreover the Annex to the International Protocol on the Documentation and Investigation of Sexual Violence in Conflict for example questions that unofficial investigators may want to use when collecting accounts from victims/witnesses of sexual and gender-based violence. 162 This Protocol advises, for example, to use questions such as: • Can you tell me, please, precisely what happened? Can you tell me what you were feeling when this happening? I know this may not be easy, please take your time. • Can you tell me what else was going on before, during and after the acts you have described? Can you describe the way in which the attack you speak of took place? What happened first, and what next, and what after that? Were you able to discern any pattern to the attack of any kind? What led you to that conclusion? Did you witness any other incidents involving attacks such as that which you have just described? • Can you describe those you say were carrying out the acts you have told me about? Can you please tell me about their clothes? Any insignia? Their head/footgear, what they were carrying, any other distinctive aspects to their appearance – their weapons, their equipment, their vehicles, their language, etc.? Did you have occasion to observe someone in a position of authority? How do you know, or what led you to conclude, that this individual was in a position of authority? The interview should also include questions about stigma, risk of retaliation or other ongoing harms or risks. Avoid asking exceedingly detailed questions of the occurrences. Engaging with such specifics goes beyond the scope of what an unofficial investigator without proper psychological and legal training should do. Re-imagining graphic details of the violence may trigger re-traumatization. Leave such questioning to professional investigators or qualified medical and forensic professionals 162 Foreign and Commonwealth Office, International Protocol on the Documentation and Investigation of Sexual Violence in Conflict: Basic Standards of Best Practice on The Documentation of Sexual Violence as a Crime under International Law, 109 (2014), available at https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/319054/PSVI_protocol_web .pdf. 111

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