• Description: refers to the extended topic of a resource by means of several full sentences. • Identifier: refers to any internal or external reference number attached to a resource. • Coverage: refers to any spatial location relevant to a resource; • Rights: refers to any person, organization or service holding rights over a resource. • Audience: refers to any class of people for which a resource is intended; and • Provenance: refers to a description of the changes in ownership and custody of a resource.84 Automatic Embedment of Metadata When creating digital content, the medium used to create such information will also automatically embed metadata into the resource itself. Digital cameras, mobile phones, and other video devices automatically embed into the created content information on device settings and specifications, date and time of creation, and, if enabled, location of creation through GPS receivers. This embedded metadata can be instrumental to establish the reliability and authenticity of the digital information provided. Therefore, unofficial investigators should check and if possible document the internal settings of the device used to ensure accurate embedding of metadata.85 Be aware, though, that embedded metadata is not infallible. Metadata such as date, time and location of creation can easily be manipulated by changing the settings of a device. Furthermore, when digital content is transmitted or migrated to other devices or platforms, such as YouTube, Facebook or Twitter for example, it is often standardized for uploading purposes, by which (much of) the embedded metadata is corrupted or deleted from the original file and often cannot be restored. Make sure therefore to store a copy of the information as close to the original format as possible and avoid migrating the information as much as possible. An accurate record on the chain of custody will enable investigators to determine the likelihood of metadata corruption, similar to 84 Dublin Core metadata initiative, User Guide/Creating Metadata, (Jan. 6, 2012). WITNESS, Video as Evidence Field Guide, (2016), available at https://vae.witness.org/video-asevidence-field-guide/. 85 70