CONCLUSION There are a number of organisations and individuals who are using these techniques to push the boundaries of human rights documentation, in new and exciting ways. Many of them have been strong sources of inspiration for this guide, and for our collective work as a whole, providing us with just a glimpse of what exists at the frontiers of data use in human rights documentation. and tutorials. Statisticians at the Human Rights Data Analysis Group have used innovative techniques to accurately estimate civilian casualties in war in a number of countries, pioneering a technique called Multiple Systems Estimation. Among other successes, their founder Patrick Ball has testified in the Guatemalan Supreme Court against former Head of State General José Groups like Forensic Architecture, who Efraín Ríos Montt, who was then found guilty have done projects which use innovative of genocide and crimes against humanity. data modelling techniques to project what happened in the past based on limited pieces of information that remain after the fact. Like 3D modelling the environment around a boat in the Mediterranean, which was left to drift after no country took responsibility for it. They produced a report which formed the basis for a number of ongoing legal petitions filed against NATO member states. Regarding verification, organisations and individuals are making their processes more transparent. Tools like Checkdesk, Github and Jupyter Notebooks enable people to publicly document their processes and conclusions, increasing credibility, and allowing anybody to follow and learn from them. It also opens research up to a new degree of scrutiny, beyond that of more traditional human rights documentation. Or Bellingcat, a network of citizen investigative journalists who use publicly available information, including social media data and more generally, Open Source Intelligence (OSINT), to investigate human rights violations and more. Bellingcat founder Elliot Higgins’ work in 2013 investigating the chemical weapons attack on Ghouta, Syria, in August 2013 helped prove that the perpetrator of the attack was almost certainly the regime of Bashar al-Assad. They have produced a fantastic set of online resources, including case studies 79