interviewer may begin by asking why the individual fled his or her home, which
should eventually lead into a discussion of the human rights abuses experienced.
In general, questions should be open-ended and nonleading (that is, they should not suggest or pre-empt
the answer to the question) and the most important
questions should generally come earlier in the
interview. It is also advisable to start with less
controversial or sensitive topics and move on to
those as the respondent becomes more comfortable.
Questions
should
be
framed
in
a
nonjudgmental
way and
avoid slang or technical
language. Try to keep
questions
as
clear,
concise, and easy to
understand as possible.
It may be helpful to have a map or allow the
respondent to draw a diagram if it facilitates the respondent’s explanation.
The interview should conclude with the respondent being given time to add
anything to his or her original answers, to ask questions of the interviewer, and to
recommend any additional people for interview. The interviewer should also
reassure the respondent of the confidentiality of the interview.
1.4 Security
The security of respondents and your documentation team should be a paramount
consideration when determining whether to meet with a respondent. Security risks
should be assessed at all stages of the documentation process, including the initial
contact made with the respondent, during the interview, and during any follow-up
contact.
The level of risk to respondents will face depends on a range of factors, including
the:
location and identity of respondents;
respondent’s own resources for self-protection;
existing or past threats or intimidation; and
broader security environment.
It will also depend on the capacity of the documentation team to provide protection
to the respondent. It is important that the personal views of respondents as to
potential risks are also taken into account when evaluating the level of risk.23
The measures that documentation teams should take will be highly specific to the
security context. As a general rule, discretion is crucial. This implies “making all
efforts to draw the least possible attention to individual victims, witnesses, sources
or other cooperating persons.”24 Respect for confidentiality—both the identity of a
respondent and the information gained during the interview process—is a critical
aspect of security. Steps that documentation teams should consider taking to protect
the security of the respondent and of the evidence are outlined in Annex B.
With respect to the security of documentation teams, measures that teams might
take include checking in with each other regularly, carrying a cell phone, and
travelling in pairs or teams.25
14
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