immediately from the time of its discovery until the end of the recording and documentation of the scene. The most important issue to consider when arriving at a crime scene is appropriate health and safety procedures, especially if there may have been used biological, chemical, or other hazardous materials. Health and safety must remain a priority throughout the information-gathering process. Unofficial investigators should: • Approach the scene cautiously, and assess risks to themselves or other persons on the scene. • Stay aware and take note of any persons or vehicles in or leaving the crime scene. • Scan the entire area, and note any possible secondary crime scenes. • Approach the scene in a manner that maximizes the safety of surviving victims, possible witnesses, themselves and others in the area. • Make initial observations (look, listen, smell) to assess the scene and ensure it is safe for themselves and others before proceeding. • Ensure that medical attention is provided to injured people, by providing immediate medical attention and
calling for medical personnel; and • Try to minimize contamination of the scene. Health and safety hazards can be minimized using first aid kits, appropriate protective clothing, such as helmets and gloves, and adequate protective equipment (see Section 2.2.6 for a checklist). If basic equipment does not suffice to protect from hazards, unofficial investigators should stay away from the crime scene. Some hazards are not immediately obvious and may appear as the information-gathering exercise unfolds. Be particularly careful around and aware of: • Chemicals • Biological materials • Unexploded explosives • Firearms • Environmental factors (such as excessive heat or cold) • Unsafe structures (such as fire and bombing scenes) • Insecure environment (such as the offender still being present at the scene) 79