Information that proves a military commander or civilian leader received information which ensured they knew — or should have known — that the people they had authority over were committing crimes. Examples: Videos depicting torture that are broadcast on the television news, video reports that document crimes and are widely distributed by NGOs, videotaped public statements by defectors. CHARACTER EVIDENCE Information that attests to an individual’s moral standing, general nature, traits, characteristics, and reputation in the community. Examples: Videos showing the accused committing other crimes he or she is not on trial for, taking care of his or her family or the doing volunteer work in his or her community. EXCULPATORY EVIDENCE Information that helps prove a defendant is innocent or did not intend to commit a crime. Security cam time stamp Examples: Security camera footage showing someone else committing the crime; footage with a verified time and date stamp showing the suspect in a different location at the time the crime was committed. To illustrate the different purposes video can serve and how it works alongside other sources of evidence, let’s look at how the UN Mission to Investigate Allegations of the Use of Chemical Weapons in Syria pieced together different sources of evidence to confirm, by clear and convincing evidence, that chemical weapons were used against civilians in Ghouta. 48 VIDEO AS EVIDENCE: ALL ABOUT EVIDENCE V 1.0 LAW NOTICE EVIDENCE