KNOW BEFORE YOU GO Here are some of the major challenges one faces in working with witnesses: Everyone makes mistakes. Human memory is imperfect. Numerous studies show that eyewitness testimony tends to contain inaccuracies despite the very best intentions of the witness. Additionally, traumatic experiences can further inhibit a witness’s ability to accurately recall events. For example, studies show that when a person witnesses a crime where a weapon (like a gun or knife) is used, their focus tends to be on the weapon. As a result, their ability to remember other details about the crime is reduced. We all have biases. Cultural upbringing, religious beliefs, political affiliations, gender, educational background, socio-economic class, status, and age can all influence our biases. Since people are wired to see things from their own perspectives, even two people standing side by side during an event will experience it differently. Consider some examples of how this might come into play: • • • If two religious groups are embroiled in a conflict and you are interviewing in an area where only one group lives, the testimony will be biased toward the beliefs of that one group. The testimony of police officers is often trusted over the testimony of the accused. People who hold shares in a company that has been accused of wrongdoing may consciously or unconsciously protect the company, because they have a financial stake in the outcome of the case. Acting as a witness can be time-consuming and emotionally exhausting. Witnesses may be greatly effected by the amount of time and energy required to participate in a case or trial. Participation can substantially disrupt their personal relationships, their jobs, and their own well-being. Additionally, they may be thrust into the media spotlight in intense or undesirable ways. It is important to ensure they are aware of these possibilities and choose to participate in spite of the risks. 142 VIDEO AS EVIDENCE: FILMING PRELIMINARY INTERVIEWS V 1.0 FILMING Witnesses are an essential part of any investigation and court case. No matter how much evidence is gathered, without witnesses to explain its relevance, a successful prosecution is unlikely. That said, witnesses can be challenging sources of information, and interviews that are not conducted properly can undermine investigations and compromise your work to secure accountability.