The OPERA Framework 15 In relation to the right to water for example, the Committee has set out the need to immediately address de facto as well as de jure discrimination, stating that ‘water and water facilities and services must be accessible to all, including the most vulnerable or marginalized sections of the population, in law and in fact, without discrimination on any of the prohibited grounds’. CESCR, General Comment No. 15 The Right to Water (20 January 2003), UN Doc. E/C.12/2002/11, at para. 12c(iii). 16 See International Council of Jurists (2008), ‘Courts and the Legal Enforcement of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: comparative experiences of justiciabiliy’, Human Rights and Rule of Law Series No.2, at pp.5759, available at: http://www.icj.org/dwn/database/ESCR.pdf; Langford, M. (2009), ‘Domestic Adjudication and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: a socio-legal review’, International Journal on Human Rights, vol.6, no.11, pp.91-122. 17 CESCR, General Comment No. 3, supra note 12, at para. 10. 18 See e.g. CESCR, General Comment No. 12 The Right to Adequate Food (12 May 1999), UN Doc. E/C.12/1999/5; CESCR, General Comment No. 13 The Right to Education (8 December 1999), E/C.12/1999/10; CESCR, General Comment No. 14 The right to the highest attainable standard of health (11 August 2000), UN Doc. E/C.12/2000/4. Although its general comments on the right to housing (comments no.4 and 7) do not define a minimum core, this has been elaborated elsewhere. 19 See Young, K. (2008), ‘The Minimum Core of Economic and Social Rights: A concept in search of content’, Yale Journal of International Law, vol. 33. no. 1, pp.113-175; Dowell-Jones, supra note 3, at pp.23-27 (discussing the Committee’s inconsistent application of the principle). 20 See ICJ, supra note 16, at pp.39-40. 21 See Report of the Independent Expert on the question of human rights and extreme poverty, Magdalena Sepúlveda Carmona, delivered to the Human Rights Council (17 March 2011), UN Doc. A/HRC/17/34, at para. 65; see also Social Protection Floor Advisory Group, (2011), Social protection floor for a fair and inclusive globalization, available at:http://www.ilo.org/gimi/gess/RessShowRessource.do?ressourceId=25842. 22 CESCR, General Comment No. 3, supra note 12. 23 Id., at para. 2 24 Chapman, A. (1999), ‘Indicators and Standards for Monitoring Economic, Social and Cultural Rights’, UNDP, available at: http://hdr.undp.org/docs/events/global_forum/2000/chapman.pdf 25 CESCR, General Comment No.14, supra note 18, at para. 32. 26 See ICJ, supra note 16, at pp.30-33. 27 CESCR, ‘Letter from CESCR Chairperson to States Parties in the context of the economic and financial crisis’, available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cescr/docs/LetterCESCRtoSP16.05.12.pdf 34 28 See e.g. CESCR, ‘An evaluation of the obligation to take steps to the ‘maximum of available resources’ under an optional protocol to the Covenant’, statement adopted 10 May 2007, UN Doc. E/C.12/2007/1; Report of the Independent Expert on the question of human rights and extreme poverty, supra note 21; CESR, Letter to States Parties, supra note 27. 29 See Balakrishnan, R., Elson, D., Heintz, J. & Lusiani, N. (2011), Maximum Available Resources and Human Rights: Analytical Report, Center for Women’s Global Leadership, Rutgers University. 30 See ICJ, supra note 16, at pp.38-40. 31 See, Diokno, M. ‘Human Rights (PANTHER) Principles in Development Planning’, chapter four in Human Rights Based Approach: Development Planning Toolkit, available at: http://www.hrbatoolkit.org/wpcontent/uploads/2011/03/7-Chapter-Four.pdf. 32 See e.g. OHCHR (2004), ‘Human Rights and Poverty Reduction: a conceptual framework’, available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/poverty/docs/povertyE.pdf.