Verification Handbook Index Foreword 4 Chapter 1: When Emergency News Breaks 5 Case Study 1.1: Separating Rumor From Fact in a Nigerian Conflict Zone 11 Chapter 2: Verification Fundaments: Rules to Live By 13 Case Study 2.1: Using Social Media as a Police Scanner 17 Chapter 3: Verifying User-Generated Content Case Study 3.1: Monitoring and Verifying During the Ukrainian Parliamentary Election Chapter 4: Verifying Images 23 30 33 Case Study 4.1: Verifying a Bizarre Beach Ball During a Storm 40 Case Study 4.2: Verifying Two Suspicious “Street Sharks” During Hurricane Sandy 42 Chapter 5: Verifying Video 45 Case Study 5.1: Verifying a Key Boston Bombing Video 52 Case Study 5.2: Investigating a Reported ‘Massacre’ in Ivory Coast 57 Case Study 5.3: Confirming the Location and Content of a Video 65 Chapter 6: Putting the Human Crowd to Work 68 Case Study 6.1: Tripped Up by Arabic Grammar 74 Chapter 7: Adding the Computer Crowd to the Human Crowd Case study 7.1: How OpenStreetMap Used Humans and Machines to Map Affected Areas After Typhoon Haiyan Chapter 8: Preparing for Disaster Coverage Case Study 8.1: How NHK News Covered, and Learned From, the 2011 Japan Earthquake Chapter 9: Creating a Verification Process and Checklist(s) 76 81 84 90 95 Box 9.1: Assessing and Minimizing Risks When Using UGC 102 Box 9.2: Tips for Coping With Traumatic Imagery 104 Chapter 10: Verification Tools 106 Appendix: “VISUALIZE JUSTICE: A Field Guide to Enhancing the Evidentiary Value of Video for Human Rights” 109 5