Verifying places: Did something actually happen where the crowd said it happened? • Flikr16: search for geolocated photos. • free-ocr.com17: extracts text from images which can then be put into Google translate or searched on other mapping resources. • Google Maps18: an online map providing high-resolution aerial or satellite imagery covering much of the Earth, except for areas around the poles. Includes a number of viewing options such as terrain, weather information and a 360-degree street level view. • Google Translate19: can be used to uncover location clues (e.g. signs) written in other languages. • Météo-France20: France’s meteorological agency makes freely available Europe focused radar and satellite images, maps and climate modelling data. • NASA Earth Observatory21: the Earth Observatory was created to share satellite images and information with the public. It acts as a repository of global data imagery, with freely available maps, images and datasets. • Panoramio22: photo-sharing website carrying millions of geolocated images uploaded to a Google Maps layer. • Picasa23: search for geolocated photos. • United States ZIP Codes24: an online map of the United States categorized according to ZIP code. Users are able to search for a specific ZIP code, or can explore the map for information about different ZIP codes. • Wikimapia25: crowsourced version of Google maps containing points of interest and descriptions. • Wolfram Alpha26: a computational answer engine that responds to questions using structured and curated data from its knowledge base. Unlike search engines, which provide a list of relevant sites, Wolfram Alpha provides direct, factual answers and relevant visualizations. Verifying images: Is a particular image a real depiction of what’s happening? • Findexif.com27: another tool that can be used to reveal EXIF information. • Foto Forensics28: this website uses error level analysis (ELA) to indicate parts of an image that may have been altered. ELA looks for differences in quality levels in the image, highlighting where alterations may have been made. • Google Search by Image29: by uploading or entering an image’s URL, users can find content such as related or similar images, websites and other pages using the specific image. • Jeffrey’s Exif Viewer30: an online tool that reveals the Exchangeable Image File (EXIF) information of a digital photo, which includes date and time, camera settings and, in some cases GPS location. • JPEGSnoop31: a free Windows-only application that can detect whether an image has been edited. Despite its name it can open AVI, DNG, PDF, THM and embedded JPEG files. It also retrieves metadata including: date, camera type, lens settings, etc. • TinEye32: a reverse image search engine that connects images to their creators by allowing users to find out where an image originated, how it is used, whether modified versions exist 109