Pic. 1. Example of establishing photo composed by individual panoramic shots with overlap Another method of establishing the scene of a crime is video imaging. To help ensure steady images and thus the quality of the information documented, unofficial investigators that use video should keep their elbows close to their body and their knees slightly bent when creating video imaging. They moreover should hold a shot for at least 10 seconds and include as much circumstantial information in their shot as possible. 95 After taking all establishing photographs, investigators may proceed with a series of close-up shots of items or details of interest to the crime committed.96 See for a thorough guide to video imaging for human rights the WITNESS’s resource page. 97 Close-up pictures must satisfy a number of technical criteria to be admitted as evidence in court. Although these may vary depending on the relevant legal institution, adherence to the following principles will satisfy the basic criteria of most legal institutions and in any case helps to ensure the credibility of the information: Close-up photographs come in three different forms: i) at mid-range distance, identifying the location of the detail in relation to the establishing photographs; ii) a close-up of the detail; and 95 WITNESS, WITNESS Video Advocacy Toolkit – Filming: Overview, 1 and 2 (date of publication unknown), available at http://www3.witness.org/sites/default/files/downloads/filming_final.pdf 96 Brian Gestring, A FORENSIC SCIENTIST’S GUIDE TO PHOTOGRAPHY 24 (2007), available at http://www.forensictv.net/Downloads/digital_imaging_and_photography/forensic_scientists_guide_to_phot ography_by_brian_gestring.pdf. 97 https://witness.org/resources/. 75