types of violations, it is important to reiterate that special care is required
given the likelihood of trauma with both victims and witnesses. Moreover,
as was also noted in Section 3.3.2, bear in mind that unofficial investigators
should refrain from collecting samples of organic forensic material.
Documenting sexual and gender-based violence is of particular
difficulty. Often, constructing an accurate record of alleged sexual and
gender-based violence depends heavily on accounts of victims and witnesses
since often little other evidence is available. However, talking about these
types of experiences is often extremely difficult for victims and witnesses.
Therefore, even in well-resourced and stable situations, sexual and genderbased violence is often underreported.151
Civil society actors like health service providers, social workers, and
humanitarian/human rights workers may contribute to the collection and
securing of information on sexual and gender-based violence during the
ordinary course of their activities in the field or on specific missions, but it is
important to reiterate that this should be done by those with professional
training on these matters, if in any way possible.152 Accounts can be
collected through semi-structured interviews, site visits, and observation of
the environment. 153
The composition of the team is particularly important for
documenting sexual and gender-based violence. A well-composed team can
positively influence the readiness of the victim/witness to share their
experiences. Practice shows that victims/witnesses are more likely to open
up to people of the same gender, age, and nationality. 154 However, this
151
Inter-Agency Standing Committee, GUIDELINES FOR GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS IN
HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS, 25 (2005), available at
http://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf.
152
Global Protection Cluster, HANDBOOK FOR COORDINATING GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS
IN HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS Annex 34 (2010) , available at
http://www.unicef.org/protection/files/GBV_Handbook_Long_Version.pdf
153
Inter-Agency Standing Committee, GUIDELINES FOR GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE INTERVENTIONS IN
HUMANITARIAN SETTINGS 26 (2005), available at
http://interagencystandingcommittee.org/system/files/legacy_files/tfgender_GBVGuidelines2005.pdf.
154
Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, Prosecution of Sexual
Violence: Best Practices Manual for the Investigation and Prosecution of Sexual Violence Crimes in PostConflict Regions: Lessons Learned from the Office of the Prosecutor for the International Criminal
Tribunal for Rwanda, 37 (2014), available at
http://www.unictr.org/sites/unictr.org/files/publications/ICTR-Prosecution-of-Sexual-Violence.pdf.
108
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